- Importance of the analysis of the internal environment

- expressing of the concentrations of electrolytes

- disorders of water and mineral metabolism

- disorders of acid-base balance

- examination of patients with disorders of internal environmet

- sample collection and factors influencin the results

- clinical and laboratory examination of patients fluid deficit

- fluid therapy, content of rehydration solutions

- diagnostics of hypovolemic and septic shock

- diagnostics and therapy of water and electrolyte disorders

- clinical and laboratory evaluation of dehydrated patients

- analysis of case reports

Meyer D.J. and Harvey J: Veterinary laboratory medicine: Interpretation and diagnosis. Elsevier Inc., 2004

DiBartola S.P.: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice, 3rd ed., Saunders, 2006

Content prerequisite:

physiology, pathophysiology, biochemistry, clinical diagnostic

Continuous assessment:

activity during the lessons, credit

Final assessment:

test examination