The conditions for successful completion of the subject include obtaining credit, which is awarded on the basis of a satisfactory continuous evaluation of practical exercises. The final assessment is an exam. The exam cannot be passed without obtaining credit. The success threshold is determined by the study schedule and represents the achievement of at least 51% in the case of both credit and exam. Other grades are determined according to the table given by the study order.

By completing the course, the student gets an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic methods and devices that are used primarily in veterinary medicine. These are methods that are based on physical principles and cover the full spectrum from simpler to sophisticated methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance tomography (MRI). Since students will be able to see most of these methods directly in clinics as part of excursions, in the future they can use the acquired knowledge in their medical practice.

At the seminars, the following diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which have a physical basis, will be presented to students using presentations and video recordings:

• Thermocouple and thermistor thermometry, Contact and non-contact thermography. Exploitation low and high temperatures in medicine, hyperthermia, cryotherapy. Cryosurgery

• The use of ultraviolet radiation in therapy and diagnosis. Disinfection effects of UV, UV-phototherapy in skin medicine, Wood's lamp.

• Effects of electricity on a living organism; ionophoresis and galvanization, electrotherapy, electrostimulation, high-frequency electrosurgery, electroscalpel, electronarcosis. Measurement of electrical resistance in endodontics. Magnetotherapy.

• Bioelectric methods – ECG, EEG, EMG, pacemaker, defibrillator.

• Use of the principles of optics in medicine. Endoscopy and its use in various fields of medicine

(laparoscopy, arthroscopy)

• Methods and apparatus in ophthalmology. Ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy. Funduscam for eye background examination

• Lasers in medicine: their therapeutic and surgical use

• Ultrasound in therapy: mechanical effects: lithotripsy by extracorporeal shock wave, tartar removal; Thermal effects – Physical treatment

• Ultrasound diagnostic methods, Doppler sonography, echocardiography, USG eye

• Classical X-ray diagnostic methods – radiography, fluoroscopy, angiography, densitometry

• Modern X-ray diagnostic methods – computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA)

• Diagnostic methods of nuclear medicine – positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT)

• Magnetic resonance tomography

1st week: Low and high temperature in medicine. Demonstrations.

Ultraviolet radiation in diagnostics and therapy. Demonstrations.

2nd week: Electrotherapy. Demontrations of ECG and EMG.

Excursion on rehabilitation department: physical therapy.

3rd week: Optics in medicine. Endoscopy. Optics in ophtalmology. Lasers in medicine.

4th week: Excursion on Clinics of horses: endoscopy. Excursion on Safarik University: lasers.

5th week: Diagnostic application of ultrasound. Demonstrations of A, B and M modes.

6th week: Excursion on Clinics of small animals – Internal medicine: diagnostic ultrasound.

7th week: Therapeutic aplication of ultrasound. US in physical therapy. ESWL and other methods.

8th week: Ionizing radiation in medicine. X – radiation in diagnostics: radiography, fluoroscopy.

9th week: Excursion on Division of surgery, orthopaedics, rӧntgenology: radiography.

10th week: Modern X – ray diagnostic methods: computed tomography, CT angiography.

11th week: Methods in nuclear medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging.

12th week: Excursions on Institute of molecular and nuclear medicine and MRI department in

Louis Pasteur Hospital: gama camera, PET and MRI.

13th week: Students´ presentations and evaluation of the subject. Credit.

1. Power Point Presentations accessible on biophysical intranet web pages.

2. Staničová J.: Biophysics for veterinary medicine, UVM, 2007.

3. Tarján I. et al.: An introduction to biophysics with medical orientation, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1987

Content prerequisite:

Exam in Biophysics.

Continuous assessment:

Participation in seminars and excursions is mandatory in accordance with the study rules. To obtain credit, it is necessary to draw up a seminar thesis on the selected topic.

Conditions for completion of course:

The conditions for successful completion of the subject include obtaining credit, which is awarded on the basis of a satisfactory continuous evaluation of practical exercises. The final assessment is an exam. The exam cannot be passed without obtaining credit. The success threshold is determined by the study schedule and represents the achievement of at least 51% in the case of both credit and exam. Other grades are determined according to the table given by the study order.

Final assessment:

Written Exam realized by means Moodle platform - at least 51% success

The capacity of the subject is limited to 20 students, in case of higher interest, students are selected according to the level of completion of the biophysics subject.