In order to pass the course, the student must actively participate in lectures and practical teaching. The condition for passing the exam is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic specified by the guarantor. The exam is awarded based on the evaluation of acquired knowledge.

By completing the course, the student will master the necessary knowledge from the latest knowledge in the field of orthopedics and its practical use in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopaedics diseases.

The content of the teaching is surgical - orthopedic diseases of dogs and cats, their diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Among the therapeutic procedures, specialized orthopedic-interventional methods are listed, which provide doctoral students with an overview and the possibility of expanding their knowledge. Imaging diagnostics are used for the diagnosis of surgical diseases. The doctoral student will obtain comprehensive information about the pathology of soft and hard tissues shown on the roentgenogram. The graduate can assess the difference between the physiological and pathological image of soft and hard tissues on an X-ray. He knows how to examine a patient ultrasonographically, he knows how to identify and describe the structure of organs. Knows the basic differences between the physiological and pathological picture. Can use a contrast study to clarify pathology in individual systems. (GIT, urogenital tract, spinal canal).

Orthopedics

1. Diagnosis of lameness. Fracture therapy I. – mandible, thoracic limb. IM nailing and cerklage. Safe nailing. Ext. Fixer.

2. Fracture therapy II. – pelvis and pelvic limb. Plate and screws. DCP method

3. Osteochondrosis. Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis. Therapy. Principles of arthrotomy.

4. Diseases of the hip joint. Luxations. Calve-Perthes disease. Arthrosis. Hip dysplasia. Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and therapy.

5. Diseases of the shoulder joint. Luxation. Tendinopathy.bicepsbrachii. Osteochondrosis. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy.

6. Diseases of the elbow joint. DLK. Luxations. Short ulna and radius syndrome. Diseases of the carpal joint. Luxation and rupture of collateral ligaments. Methods of therapy. Atrodesi. Bursitis. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy.

7. Bone diseases. Panosteitis, Osteodystrophy. Bone tumors. Etiology, diagnosis and surgical therapy. Pediatric bone diseases.

8. Rupture of LCC. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Extra and intra-articular stabilizations. TPLO TTA, Tight rope. TTA Rapid. Rupture of lateral collateral ligaments in the knee joint.

9. Dislocation of the knee joint. Dislocation of the patella. Clinical examination of patellar luxation Diseases of the meniscus. Osteochondrosis of the lateral condyle of the femur. Rupture of the common heel tendon. Luxation of m. flex. superficialis. Diagnostics and methods of therapy.

10. Infectious joint diseases

Imaging methods

1. Status of imaging methods in veterinary medicine (RTG, USG, CT, MRI) Physical basis of individual imaging methods and their practical importance in veterinary medicine. X-rays, the essence of their origin and spread in the environment. Absorption and penetration in radiology. Legislation regarding the establishment of an X-ray workplace, safety regulations, the Act on Ionizing Radiation. Roentgenological report and archiving of roentgenograms. SAFETY when working at the X-ray workplace and with animals.

2. Bones - their X-ray appearance (compact, trabecular structure, nutrient holes). Difference between adult and juvenile bone base, ossification and ossification centers. Types of periosteal reactions, inflammation, tumors, fractures (Sater Harris classification)

3. Thoracic limb – X-ray technique, positions and interpretation of bone and joint diseases, DLK. Arthrosis.

4. Pelvic limb - X-ray technique, positions and interpretation of bone and joint diseases, DBK.

5. Head and teeth - fractures, tumors, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, periodontal disease,

tooth fractures, tooth decay.

6. Spine and neck – anatomy and formula of the vertebrae of the spine, variations in the number and shape of the vertebrae. Vertebral fractures, dislocations. Diseases of the intervertebral disc Indications and principles of myelogaphy examination.

7. Chest – organs and boundaries of the chest cavity, achalasia, foreign body, trachea –

collapse, hypoplasia. Lungs - pulmonary patterns, pneumothorax, effusion.

8. Abdomen - organs and boundaries of the abdominal cavity, indications for X-ray examination, patient preparation and device setting, masses, effusion, gastric torsion, gastric dilatation, foreign object, contrast examination.

9. Urogenital tract – X-ray anatomy, positioning of the patient, diagnostic possibilities using native and contrast examination and its limitations. Urolithiasis,

ectopic ureter. Pathology of the uterus, pregnancy.

10. Basics of endoscopy and arthroscopy.

11. Basics of ultrasonography - Physical basics of ultrasonography and its practical importance in veterinary medicine. Technical components of the ultrasound device and their influence on the quality of the resulting image. Description of the physical nature of the origin, propagation and interaction of ultrasound with matter, unwanted effects, artifacts, investigation modes, Doppler.

12. X-ray and ultrasonography: of the heart – basic projections of the heart, measurement of the heart Heart – generalized/segmental cardiomegaly, microcardia. USG of surface tissues - esophagus in the cervical part, salivary glands, thyroid gland, subcutaneous masses, mammary gland.

13. Birds and exotic animals: birds, snakes, turtles, chameleons - methods of fixation,

trauma and specific diseases.

1. Svoboda a kol.: Choroby psu a koček. Brno

2. Ledecký a kol.: Oftalmológia zvierat, Košice

3.Ledecký a kol. Základy rontgenológie zvierat, učebnica , Prešov 2007

4. Ledecký, V., Hluchý, M. Diagnostika krívania u psov. Učebný text, 2011

5.Klinická onkológia psov a mačiek. UVLF v Košiciach, 2015

5. Capík ,I.: Choroby zubov , Košice , 2010, učebný text

6. Niemand: Klinická prax psov. H&H Bratislava

7. Horst Schebitz, Wilhelm Brass: Operace psa a mačky, H& H, Bratislava, 2000.

8. Slatter: Small Animal Surgery.

9. Fossum: Small Animal Surgery

10. H. Schebitz, H. Wilkens: Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy of Dog and Horse

2.Joe P. Morgan: Techniques of Veterinary Radiology: IOWA State University Press, Davis California 95616, 1986

11.Dominique Penninck , Marc-André d'Anjou: Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography

12. R.Dennis, R.M. Kirberger, F. Barr, R.H. Wrigley: Handbook of Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasound.

Conditions for completion of course:

In order to pass the course, the student must actively participate in lectures and practical teaching. The condition for passing the exam is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic specified by the guarantor. The exam is awarded based on the evaluation of acquired knowledge.

Final assessment:

Elaboration of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the teacher. The exam will be taken in written form if it reaches the prescribed number of points in terms of the credit system (51% of points obtained).