In order to pass the course, the student must have active participation in lectures and exercises. A prerequisite for passing the examination is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the supervisor (in the range A-E), which is the result of self-study. The examination is awarded on the basis of an assessment of the knowledge acquired (in the A-E range).

Learning outcomes: by completing the course, the student will not only deepen and supplement the basic knowledge of molecular biology and biochemistry of nucleic acids, but will also acquire new knowledge about the use of molecular biology methods for the study of microbiology. The student will acquire new knowledge and skills for the genetic identification and typing of bacteria and viruses at the level of the genome of microorganisms. Using bioinformatic methods, both theoretical and practical, the student will master the analysis of genetic variation, divergence of microorganisms and be able to formulate correct conclusions by independent interpretation of the results. The learning outcomes are verified by the preparation of a seminar paper, its defence and a final examination.

Brief outline of the course: introduction to molecular biology - history, significance and application of molecular biology for bacteriology and virology. Structure, distribution and biological functions of proteins, structure of DNA and RNA. Genetic information, genetic code, concept of gene and transcription unit: prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene (exons, introns), codon and anticodon strand. Replication of bacterial genome, chromosomal and plasmid DNA, replication of eukaryotic genome: replication of nuclear and extranuclear DNA. Transcription of the bacterial genome, structural genes and genes for rRNA and tRNA, transcription of the eukaryotic genome - transcription by RNA polymerase. Post-transcriptional editing of eukaryotic RNA, pre-mRNA, pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA. Translation of bacterial mRNA, eukaryotic RNA, post-translational modifications of proteins. Regulation of bacterial genome expression: operon, enzyme induction and repression, catabolic repression, attenuation. Regulation of eukaryotic genome expression: regulation at the level of transcription, posttranscriptional modifications, translation and posttranslational modifications. General recombination: models of general recombination mechanisms, general recombination between viral genomes, general recombination in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, general recombination enzymes. Molecular basis of mutagenesis: spontaneous mutations, reverse mutations, induced mutations, repair of damaged DNA: complete repair, excision repair, permissive repair.

Brief outline of the course: introduction to molecular biology - history, significance and application of molecular biology for bacteriology and virology. Structure, distribution and biological functions of proteins, structure of DNA and RNA. Genetic information, genetic code, concept of gene and transcription unit: prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene (exons, introns), codon and anticodon strand. Replication of bacterial genome, chromosomal and plasmid DNA, replication of eukaryotic genome: replication of nuclear and extranuclear DNA. Transcription of the bacterial genome, structural genes and genes for rRNA and tRNA, transcription of the eukaryotic genome - transcription by RNA polymerase. Post-transcriptional editing of eukaryotic RNA, pre-mRNA, pre-rRNA and pre-tRNA. Translation of bacterial mRNA, eukaryotic RNA, post-translational modifications of proteins. Regulation of bacterial genome expression: operon, enzyme induction and repression, catabolic repression, attenuation. Regulation of eukaryotic genome expression: regulation at the level of transcription, posttranscriptional modifications, translation and posttranslational modifications. General recombination: models of general recombination mechanisms, general recombination between viral genomes, general recombination in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, general recombination enzymes. Molecular basis of mutagenesis: spontaneous mutations, reverse mutations, induced mutations, repair of damaged DNA: complete repair, excision repair, permissive repair.

Krebs J.E., Goldstein E.S., Kilpatrick S.T.: Lewin's Genes XII, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2018, 3194 pp. ISBN 9781284104493.

Krebs J.E., Goldstein E.S., Kilpatrick S.T.: Lewin's Essential Genes, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2021, 1044 pp. ISBN 9781284173130.

Green M.R., Sambrook J.: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 1-3. 4th edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2012, 1885 pp. ISBN 978-1-936113-42-2.

Vilček Š., Jacková A., Vlasáková M.: The use of moleculovogenetic methods in epizootology, UVLF Košice, 2013, 70 s. ISBN 978-80-80-8077-383-0.

Conditions for completion of course:

In order to pass the course, the student must have active participation in lectures and exercises. A prerequisite for passing the examination is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the supervisor (in the range A-E), which is the result of self-study. The examination is awarded on the basis of an assessment of the knowledge acquired (in the A-E range).

Final assessment:

FInal exam