100% participation in practical exercises. One failure to attend a practice (documented by a doctor) can be justified by the teacher. Successful completion of continuous check of study (student must obtain at least 51%). One test during the semester with a score of 100 points and evaluated according to Art. 20 point 4 of the Study Program of the UVLF in Košice on the issue of general parasitology and protozoology. Attendance at lectures 70%.

After completing the first semester of Parasitology, the student is proficient in parasitological and epidemiological terminology as well as the basics of systematics. The student gains knowledge of morphology, developmental cycles, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, therapy, prevention and diagnosis of important eukaryotes of the Protozoa and Arthropoda. Gain an overview of the most important zoonoses, aquatic, soil and food-borne unicellular parasites. Learn about the most important parasitic arthropods and parasite-host relationships and modes of transmission parasites by vectors. Gain practical skills in laboratory sample processing and diagnosis protozoa and arthropods.

In general parasitology, define and clarify the basic concepts in parasitology, specificity, pathogenicity of parasites, immunological relationships between parasite and host,

natural focalness of diseases. Characterise the different taxonomic categories of protozoa (Metamonada, Parabazala, Euglenozoa, Alveolata, Amoebozoa and Microsporidia). Explanation their developmental cycles, epizootology, epidemiology, geographical distribution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathological-anatomical changes, therapy and prevention. Characterise

the most important parasitic arthropods of the classes Arachnida and Insecta. Explain their role in transmission of pathogens of parasitic origin. Diagnosis of protozoa and parasitic arthropods according to host groups.

Scheme of the lectures: VII. semester ( 2 hrs. )

1. Introduction to Parasitology, General parasitology, the main consequences of parasitic diseases and some of mechanisms involved. The general principals of the epidemiology of parasitic disease, the basic mechanisms of immunity, the role of immunity in epidemiology.

2. Introduction to PROTOZOOLOGY, taxonomy, intracellular structure and modes of reproduction, general classification. KINETOPLASTA: Trypanosomosis: morphology, the main species, geographical distribution, epidemiology, the life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control.

3. KINETOPLASTA: Leishmaniosis: morphology, the main species, geographical, distribution, epidemiology, the life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control. DIPLOMONADIDA: characteristic, classification. Giardiosis and spironucleosis: morphology, prevalence, epidemiology, the life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control.

4. TRICHOMONADIDA: characteristic, classification. Bovine and avian trichomonosis; histomonosis of turkey, morphology, the main species, geographical distribution, prevalence, epidemiology, the life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control.

5. CILIOPHORA and MICROSPORIDA: characteristic. Balantidiosis of pigs, Encephalitozoonosis (rabbit, dog) – morphology, prevalence, the life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control. AMOEBOZOA: characteristic, classification. Entamoebosis: morphology, prevalence, epidemiology, the life cycle, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control.

6. ALVEOLATA – COCCIDEA: characteristic, morphology, ultrastructure, taxonomy, biology, classification. Monoxenous coccidia species: Eimeriosis – morphology, the main species according the hosts, prevalence, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

7. Monoxenous coccidia species: Cryptosporidiosis and Isosporosis (dog, cat, pig, human) – morphology, the main species, prevalence, the life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control.

8. Heteroxenous coccidia species: Genus Sarcocystis, Caryospora – morphology, the main species, prevalence, the life cycle, epidemiology, the role of various host in transmission of sarcocystosis, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control.

9. Heteroxenous coccidia species of genus Toxoplasma, Neospora, Besnoitia – morphology, the life cycle, prevalence, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control.

10. ALVEOLATA – HAEMATOZOEA: characteristic. Babesiosis and theileriosis (cattle, dog, horse) – morphology, the main species, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control. Hepatozoonosis and cytauxoonosis of carnivore. Plasmodiosis, malaria of human and birds – morphology, geographic distribution, prevalence, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and control.

11. Introduction to ARACHNOENTOMOLOGY. Essential morphological features of arthropods, General introduction to subclass Acari and outline of the important species of ticks in relation to their life cycles, epidemiology, pathogenic significance and importance as vectors of disease (Ixodidae – hard ticks, Argasidae – soft ticks).

12. General introduction to BURROWING MITES (genus Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Demodex), morphology, life cycles. Consideration of the pathogenic significance of burrowing mites including mange in cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and cats. Life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenic effects of Demodex spp. causing demodectic mange. Outline of the life cycles, epidemiology and pathogenic significance of the NON-BURROWING MITES (Psoroptidae, Cheyletiellidae and Dermanyssidae).

13. General aspects of INSECTA including morphology, classification and general life cycles. Consideration of the lower Diptera of veterinary significance in relation to pathogenesis and the transmission of parasites. Higher Diptera including muscid flies, with main topic the family Oestridae and consideration of their life cycles and pathogenic significance; other insect parasites (lice, fleas) economical and veterinary significance.

Scheme of the practical lessons: VII. semester (2 hrs.)

1. Parasitology in general, rules of classification: Standardized Nomenclature of Animal Parasitic Diseases (SNOAPAD). Equipment in the parasitological laboratory, transport and preservation of fecal samples.

2. Microscopy and micrometry of parasitological objects, pseudoparasites, Techniques for intravital diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Measurement of parasitological objects (eggs, cysts), direct microscopic examination of faeces.

3. Qualitative concentration methods, flotation methods. Principals of flotation methods, flotation solutions. Methods used in protozoology.

4. SARCOMASTIGOPHORA – diagnosis of trypanosomosis and leishmaniosis. Wet blood films, thick blood films, thin blood films, concentration techniques.

5. DIPLOMONADIDA, TRICHOMONADIDA – Diagnosis of giardiosis, tritrichomonosis, trichomonosis and histomonosis. Diagnosis of Giardia trophozoites and cysts, demonstration of trichomonosis in pigeons, microscopic examination.

6. ALVEOLATA – COCCIDEA: Diagnosis of monoxenous coccidia species (Eimeria, Cryptosporidium) Morphology of unsporulated and sporulated oocysts, stained fecal smear.

7. ALVEOLATA – COCCIDEA: Diagnosis of heteroxenous coccidia species (e.g. Isospora, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma) Flotation methods in dg. of heteroxenous coccidia species, morphology of oocysts (unsporulated and sporulated).

8. Diagnosis of sarcocystosis in intermediate host – digestive method. Macro- and microscopic examination of muscles, morphology of cysts.

9. ALVEOLATA – HAEMATOZOEA: Diagnosis of hemosporidioses. Preparation of blood smears, staining techniques.

10. Introduction to ARACHNOENTOMOLOGY, Diagnosis of main species of subclass Acari. Differential diagnosis of Ixodidae (hard ticks) and Argasidae (soft ticks), basic morphological features.

11. Diagnosis of mange in animals. Collection of samples, morphology of burrowing and non-burrowing mites (Sarcoptes, Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Cnemidocoptes, Demodex etc.)

12. Diagnosis of some parasitic Insect. Morphology of Diptera (fam. Oestridae), suborder Nematocera.

13. Diagnosis of lice and fleas. Morphology of biting and sucking lice, fleas, bugs, etc.

P. Deplazes, J. Eckert, A. Matis et. al.: Parasitology in veterinary medicine, 2016, Wageningen Academic Publishers, 653p.; M. Taylor, B. Coop, R. L. Wall: Veterinary parasitology, 2016, Willey Blackwell, 1006p.; G.M. Urquhart, J. Armour, J.L. Duncan et al.: Veterinary parasitology. 1987, Longman Scientific & Technical, 286p.; D.D. Bowman: Georgis´ parasitology for veterinarians, 10th edition, 2014, Elsevier Saunders, 477p.; V. Letková: Introduction to veterinary helminthology – diagnostic manual, 2016, 1st ed., printed by UVMP in Košice, 216p.

Continuous assessment:

Credit test from general parasitology and Protozoology, 10th week of WS (student must obtain at least 51%).

Conditions for completion of course:

100% participation in practical exercises. One failure to attend a practice (documented by a doctor) can be justified by the teacher. Successful completion of continuous check of study (student must obtain at least 51%). One test during the semester with a score of 100 points and evaluated according to Art. 20 point 4 of the Study Program of the UVLF in Košice on the issue of general parasitology and protozoology. Attendance at lectures 70%.

Final assessment:

At the end of the semester, credit is entered into the AIS.