Scheme of lectures: 1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MATTER. Atomic and molecular background of structure of living matter. Methods of structure analysis. Basic forms of matter. Atoms. The principal characteristics of quantum theory. Ionization and excitation. Atom nucleus. Radioactive isotopes. The decay law. Physical, biological and effective half-life. 2. THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER - CONTINUE Molecules. Gases. The universal gas law and its interpretation in respiration. Water: structure, physical properties and function. Dispersed systems. Emulsions and suspensions. Surface tension and the lung. Viscosity. Sedimentation of blood. Dialysis. 3. TRANSPORT PROCESSES. THERMODYNAMIC BASE OF LIFE PROCESSES Thermodynamics in general. The first and the second law of thermodynamics. Internal energy. Entropy – two definitions. Characterization of biological systems from thermodynamics point of view. Open systems. 4. TRANSPORT PROCESSES - CONTINUE Flow of fluids and gases. Basic laws. Laminar and turbulent flow. Blood circulation. Heart as source of mechanical energy. Blood pressure. Diffusion and osmosis. Basic definitions and laws. Osmotic and oncotic pressure. Isotonic solutions. 5. TRANSPORT PROCESSES – CONTINUE Transport across biological membranes. Structure and function of cell membrane. Passive transport across membrane. The diffusion of neutral solute molecules across membranes. Passive transport of ions. Active transport across membrane. 6. THE BIOPHYSICS OF EXCITATION PROCESSES Electric properties of resting cells. Ion composition of resting cell. Donnan equilibrium. Nernst and Goldman equation. Resting potential. 7. THE BIOPHYSICS OF EXCITATION PROCESSES – CONTINUE Action membrane potential – formation and propagation. Action potential of fiber, heart and brain. Electrocardiography. Electromyography. Electroencephalography. 8. RADIATION. THE PHYSICAL BACKGROUND OF THE APPLICATION OF RADIATION IN MEDICINE The complete electromagnetic spectrum. Nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Visible light. Human eye. Vision. 9. NONIONIZING RADIATION. Emission, absorption and fluoroscence. Absorption spectrophotometry. Thermal radiation. Thermography. Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation. 10. IONIZING RADIATION Interaction of photons and charged particles with matter. Photoelectric effect. Compton effect. Pair production. Interaction of -particles with atoms. Interaction of -particles with atoms. Braking radiation. 11. X-RAYS in MEDICINE Production of X-rays. Absorbed dose and exposure. Diagnostic image formation. Film as an X-ray detector; screens. Computed tomography. Radiation therapy. 12. THE DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE Sound and ultrasound. Source of ultrasound. The background of diagnostic application of ultrasound. Production of A image, B image. 13. OTHER PHYSICAL METHODS USED IN MEDICINE Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography. LASER - therapeutic and surgery using. Scheme of lessons: 1. Introductory lesson. Organization of the practical exercises, general safety rules. Basic definitions – measurement, error, absolute and relative error, arithmetical average, standard error of average. 2. Measurement of mass and density. 3. Specific heat measurement – calorimetry. 4. Surface tension measurement by droplett method. 5. Humidity measurement. 6. Sedimentation. Centrifugation. 7. Refractometry. 8. Polarimetry. 9. Spectrophotometry (a) – qualitative analysis. Spectrophotometry (b) – quantitavie analysis. 10. Blood pressure measurement. 11. Electrocardiography. 12. Ultrasound I., II., III. 13. Credit test and evaluation of reports. |