Lectures 1. The digestive system I. The general structure of the wall of the digestive tube. Oral cavity and tongue; the tooth, esophagus. 2. The digestive system II. Proventricles, the stomach, the small and large intestine. The main characteristies of avian digestive system. 3. The digestive system III. The salivary glands, the liver, the gall bladder, the pancreas. 4. The respiratory system. The nasal cavity. Larynx, trachea and bronchi. Lungs: the pulmonary lobule, alveoli, air-blood barrier. Avian lung. 5. The urinary system. The kidney; the nephron, the collecting tubules, juxtaglomerular apparatus. The intrarenal and extrarenal urinary passages. The main characteristics of avian urinary system. 6. The male reproductive system. The testis and spermatogenesis. Epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory sex glands, the penis. 7. The female reproductive system. The ovary and oogenesis. Ovarian cycle. Oviduct, uterus, uterine cycle, vagina. The main characteristics of avian female reproductive system. 8. Nervous system. Structure and function of meninges, blood-brain barrier, and choroid plexus. Histological structure of cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, spinal cord, somatic nerve, and ganglia. 9. Skin and epidermal derivatives. Skin, hair and hair follicles, skin glands, the equine and bovine hoof, the mammary gland and its development. 10. Sense organs. The eye, the layers of the eyeball, 3 types of neurones in the retina; histophysiology of vision. The ear: external, middle and inner ear. The vestibulocochlear apparatus: the organ of Corti and vestibular apparatus. 11. Embryology. Progenesis. Oogenesis. Ovum. Spermatogenesis. Spermatozoon. Fertilization. Blastogenesis. Cleavage of amphibians, birds and mammals. Derivates of the germ layers. 12. Fetal membranes. Yolk sac, Amnion and Chorion. Alantois, External morphology. Placenta, Implantion, Classification of the placenta. Transfer of substances through fetal-maternal barier. 13. Organogenesis. Development of circulatory system, lymphatic system, nervous system, respiratory system and sensory system. Development of digestive system, urinary system, male and female reproductive system, endocrine system and integumentary system. PRACTICALS The digestive system. Tongue; tongue with vallate papilla, tooth, esophagus. 2. The digestive system. Esophageal-gastric junction,proventricles, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectoanal junction. 3. The digestive system. Salivary glands (parotid and mandibular), liver, gall bladder, pancreas. 4. The respiratory system. Nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, fetal lungs, avian lungs. 5. The urinary system. Kidney; the nephron, the collecting tubules, juxtaglomerular apparatus. The intrarenal and extrarenal urinary passages. The main characteristics of avian urinary system. 6. The male reproductive system. Testis of adult animal, prepuberal testis, testis of cryptorchid, epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory sex glands: Cowpers gland, seminal vesicle. Male urethra with prostate gland, the penis. 7. The female reproductive system. The ovary of a female during the sexual cycle, corpus luteum of a female during the pregnancy, oviduct, uterus, vagina and avian ovary. 8. Nervous system. Spinal cord, cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, somatic nerve, ganglion. 9. Skin and epidermal derivatives. Skin: pinna, digital pad, lip, tactile hair follicle, equine and bovine hoof, hair of different domestic animals, mammary gland. 10. Sense organs. Eye bulb, eyelid, tear gland, cochlea. 11. Progenesis. Spermatogenesis, spermatozoon, oogenesis, ovum - smear and light microscopy. Blastogenesis. Cleavage of amphibians, birds and mammals. Nervous system – slides. 12. Fetal membranes. Placenta, classification. Placenta of different animal species. 13. Organogenesis. Development of circulatory system, lymphatic system, nervous system, respiratory system and sensory system. Development of digestive system, urinary system, male and female reproductive system, endocrine system and integumentary system. |