Attendance at lectures and exercises is required to pass the course. The condition for passing the exam is the development and defense of a seminar paper on a topic determined by the guarantor, which follows on from the topic of the dissertation and is the result of self-study. The exam is graded in the range of A-E.

By completing the subject, the student acquires knowledge about etiological factors that cause pathological reactions, states and processes and about the importance of regulatory mechanisms that are activated in animals during disease. The student acquires knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis and origins of diseases in individual species of animals, which are necessary for solving the dissertation. The student can determine, evaluate and interpret parameters (hematological, biochemical, etc.) in biological material in relation to the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.

Disorders of acid-base balance, inflammation, fever, disorders of immune responses

- Water and electrolyte balance disorders

- Disorders of hematopoiesis

- Disorders of the cardiovascular system

- Disorders of the respiratory system

- Disorders of the uropoietic system

- Disorders of the endocrine system

- GIT, liver, pancreas disorders

- Disorders of the reproductive system

- Disorders of the nervous system

- Disorders of sugar, fat and protein metabolism,

- Nutritional disorders and metabolic diseases

Disorders of acid-base balance, inflammation, fever, disorders of immune responses

- Water and electrolyte balance disorders

- Disorders of hematopoiesis

- Disorders of the cardiovascular system

- Disorders of the respiratory system

- Disorders of the uropoietic system

- Disorders of the endocrine system

- GIT, liver, pancreas disorders

- Disorders of the reproductive system

- Disorders of the nervous system

- Disorders of sugar, fat and protein metabolism,

- Nutritional disorders and metabolic diseases

NELSON, R. W., COUTO, G. Small Animal Internal Medicine. ISBN 13 9780323676946, 2019, Elsevier.

ETTINGER, S. J., FELDMAN, E. C., COTE, E. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Expert Consult. 8th Ed., pp. 2736,2016, Elsevier – Health Sciences Division, ISBN10: 032331211X, Sauders, Philadelphia, USA.

DiBARTOLA, S. P. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice. 4th Ed. pp. 768, 2011, Elsevier- Health Sciences Division, Sauders, London, UK. ISBN10: 1437706541.

Mc CANCE, K. L., HUETHER, S. E. Pathophysiology. 8th Ed. Mosby 2019.

Conditions for completion of course:

Attendance at lectures and exercises is required to pass the course. The condition for passing the exam is the development and defense of a seminar paper on a topic determined by the guarantor, which follows on from the topic of the dissertation and is the result of self-study. The exam is graded in the range of A-E.

Final assessment:

Attendance at lectures and exercises is required to pass the course. The condition for passing the exam is the development and defense of a seminar paper on a topic determined by the guarantor, which follows on from the topic of the dissertation and is the result of self-study. The exam is graded in the range of A-E.