In order to pass the course, the student must actively participate in lectures and practical teaching. The condition for passing the exam is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the subject guarantor, which is the result of self-study. The exam is awarded based on the evaluation of acquired knowledge.

In the mentioned subject, students learn the principles of hypersensitive reactions of the immune system.

They will learn to define the mentioned pathological reactions of the immune system, their diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy

• Immune reactions proceed in the body under normal physiological conditions

• Immunopathology occurs when these reactions stop being adequately regulated, with resulting tissue damage or systemic pathological reaction

• Type I hypersensitivity: rapid, anaphylactic - IgE mediated.

• Type II hypersensitity reactions - cytotoxic

• Type III hypersensitivity reactions - immunocomplexes

• Type IV hypersenstivity reactions - delayed, cell-mediated

Type I hypersenzitivity reaction

Canine atopic dermatitis is a chronic pruritic dermatitis of the face and limbs, responsive to glucocorticoids and linked to a predisposition to develop allergic reactions to environmental allergens.

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction – cytotoxic

• Diseases caused by cytotoxic antibodies

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) peracute, acute, chronic form

• immune-induced thrombocytopenia-dogs

• Myasthenia gravis (AAb to acetylcholine receptors) – dogs, rare in cats

• Autoimmune myositis (polyomyositis – eosinophilic, atrophic or MMM ) –dogs

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction - immunocomplexes (IC)

• Diseases caused by immune complexes

– Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)- dogs, cats (glomerulonephritis, skin, CNS, joints)

– main symptoms: polyarthritis, proteinuria, dermatosis, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

– Discoid lupus - a milder variant changes are only on the skin and in the oral cavity

– Rheumatoid arthritis in dogs and cats (often associated with feline leukemia virus), manifested by alternating each limb lameness, swelling of soft tissue, X-ray changes

• Autoimmune skin diseases – pemphigus vulgaris ( in a mouth), p. foliaceus , AAb to the intercellular cement substance -dogs

• Bullous pemphigoid – Aab to basement membrane proteins

• Sensitisation to Type IV reaction is induced by intracellular bacteria, viruses, cellular material, parasites, which bind with proteins in the body, thus creating new antigens which are responsible for the origin of type IV reaction - contact dermatitis.

S.J.Ettinger, E.C.Feldman, E.Coté: Textbook of Veterinary internal medicine, diseases of the dog and the cat, eighth edition,, Elsevier, 2017.

Conditions for completion of course:

In order to pass the course, the student must actively participate in lectures and practical teaching. The condition for passing the exam is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the subject guarantor, which is the result of self-study. The exam is awarded based on the evaluation of acquired knowledge.

Final assessment:

The condition for passing the exam is the preparation and defense of a seminar paper on a topic assigned by the subject guarantor, which is the result of self-study. The exam is awarded based on the evaluation of acquired knowledge.