In order to pass the semester of the course, the student must have active participation in practicals. Students may miss at the maximum three practicals per semester, one of them may be omitted without compensation, the others must be substituted according to an agreement with the teacher for Practicals. Regarding lectures, attendance at more than 50% of the lectures in this semester is required.

The other prerequisite for passing the semester is the elaboration of the report from Feed analysis (forage and concentrate) in written form.

The credit is awarded also on the basis of successfully completed credit test in the last third of semester (more than 50% is needed).

The student acquires knowledge in the field of feed sampling and preparation for feed samples for analysis and about analytical procedures related with the chemical analysis of the feedstuffs. The aim is to achieve the student's ability interpreting results of feed analysis in practice.

Another learning outcomes in education will be information on the assessment of the digestibility of nutrients in feed and on the calculation of the energy value of feed

After completing the semester, the student will be able to characterise nutrients and different types of feeds used in animal nutrition.

The learning outcomes are verified by the report preparation from Feed Analysis and also one credit test during the semester.

Nutrients in animal nutrition, distribution, biological significance, nutritional physiology of digestion, absorption, metabolism and excretion in monogastric and polygastric animals;

Laboratory analysis of feed - methods, principles, calculations, terminology;

Digestibility of nutrients in feed, factors affecting digestibility in relation to animal species;

Energy assessment of feed in relation to animal species;

Feeds as a source of nutrients, distribution, nutritional characteristics.

Lectures:

1. Animal Nutrition, terminology; Dry matter and its components; Water in Animal Nutrition; Nutrients and their functions; Nutrient Analysis of Feedstuffs.

2. Digestive processes in respective animals; Types of Digestive Systems; Ruminant Digestion; Digestion in monogastric animals; Hind Gut Fermentors.

3. The components of feeds – Proteins. Structure, properties, classification; Amino Acids – essential and non essential; Other nitrogen compounds; Terminology.

4. The components of feeds – Fats. Structure, properties, classification; Essential fatty acids; Terminology.

5. The components of feeds – Carbohydrates. Structure, properties, classification; Dietary fiber; Terminology.

6. The components of feeds – Minerals. Macro minerals, functions, and deficiencies, classification; dietary sources; Terminology.

7. The components of feeds – Minerals. Micro or trace minerals, functions, and deficiencies, classification; dietary sources; Terminology.

8. The components of feeds – Vitamins. Classification; functions, and deficiencies; dietary sources; Terminology.

9. Bioenergetics – types of energy, energy metabolism, energy balance, methods of energy evaluation of feedstuffs, Total digestible nutrients, Energy utilization.

10. Feeds, feedstuffs – terminology. Classification of feedstuffs; General characteristics of forage; Factors Affect Forage Quality; Factors influencing the nutritive value of pasture.

11. Feedstuffs: green forages, hays, straws, haylages and silages; The nutritional characteristic of forages; use in feeding of respective animals.

12. Feedstuffs: Roots, tubers and related by products; Concentrates - energy feeds; Nutrient composition of cereal grains and oilseeds; Use in feeding of respective animals.

13. Feedstuffs: Protein concentrates - Oilseed cakes and meals, Leguminous seeds, Animal protein concentrates, Milk products, Single-cell proteins, Synthetic amino acids, Non-protein nitrogen compounds as protein sources ; Use in feeding of respective animals, Anti-nutritional factors.

Practicals:

1. Sampling and processing of feed samples; Feed samples terminology; Methods of sampling; Sampling equipment.

2. Proximate Analysis, Weende procedure. Determination of dry matter and moisture, calculations; original and laboratory dry matter.

3. Evaluation of feeds: protein. Determination of crude protein (CP) (Kjeldahl method).

4. Evaluation of feeds: fat. Determination of ether extract (EE) (Soxhlet method).

5. Evaluation of feeds: fibre. Determination of crude fibre (CF); Determination of neutral and acid detergent fibre - concept of NDF and ADF (Van Soest method).

6. Evaluation of feeds: minerals. Determination of total ash; Determination of ash which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid; Determination of the mineral concentrations in feed samples.

7. Evaluation of feeds: Non Fibre Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Free Extract. Calculation of organic matter.

8. Report instructions – Chemical analysis of forage and concentrate. Credit test.

9. Digestibility; Apparent and True digestibility; Factors affecting digestibility. Methods for determination of nutrient digestibility, classification, in vivo, in vitro, in sacco methods; calculations.

10. Energy evaluation of feedstuffs, Gross energy (GE), Digestible energy (DE), Metabolizable energy (ME), Net energy (NE), Total digestible nutrients (TDN), calculations.

11. Forage testing: assessing silage quality; evaluation of the fermentation process, nutritional value of silages.

12. Forage testing: Evaluation of dry forage quality, factors affecting their nutritional value; Concentrates - energy-rich grains, molasses, the protein-rich supplements and by products, vitamin supplements, and mineral supplements - identification of feedstuffs samples.

13. Report presentations. Credit.

McDonald, P. et al. Animal Nutrition (2011). Seventh edition. Harlow, England : Pearson, p.714.

Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed (Text with EEA relevance)

Hand, M.S., Thatcher, C.D., Remillard, R.L., Roudebush, P. (2010) Small Animal Clinical Nutrition. 4th Edition.

Pond W.G., Church D.C., Pond K.R., Schoknecht P.A. (2004). Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding; 5th Edition

Ensminger, M.E., Olentine, J.E., Heineman, W.W. (1990). Feeds and Nutrition

Studying materials from lectures and practicals (Moodle)

https://www.feedipedia.org/

Continuous assessment:

credit test; report - Feed Analysis Report (forage and concentrate)

Conditions for completion of course:

In order to pass the semester of the course, the student must have active participation in practicals. Students may miss at the maximum three practicals per semester, one of them may be omitted without compensation, the others must be substituted according to an agreement with the teacher for Practicals. Regarding lectures, attendance at more than 50% of the lectures in this semester is required.

The other prerequisite for passing the semester is the elaboration of the report from Feed analysis (forage and concentrate) in written form.

The credit is awarded also on the basis of successfully completed credit test in the last third of semester (more than 50% is needed).

Final assessment:

Credit