Attendance at lectures and practical exercises, active participation in practical exercises. Demonstration of the required skills and theoretical knowledge, which are necessary for the subject.

There will be one written test with 20 points during the semester. At least 19 points is necessary to obtain an A rating, at least 17 to obtain a B rating, at least 15 for a C rating, at least 13 for a D rating and at least 10 points for an E rating. Less than 10 points is Fx.

Successful passing of the final exam.

After completing the course the student will gain theoretical knowledge about veterinary propedeutics and practical skills of basic clinical examination methods used in animals. Student also will have practical experience with special examination methods (USG, ECG, endoscopy). During practicals, student determines chemical-laboratory diagnostics of selected metabolic profile indicators. Student learn to distinguish between physiological and pathological conditions, to determine the symptoms of the disease and to classify them according to their origin and interrelationships. The acquired knowledge will create prerequisites for his successful work in practice.

The course provides a summary of knowledge from methodological and diagnostic procedures for the study and management of clinical disciplines. Synthesizes knowledge gained through theoretical study of morphological, physiological and biological subjects. The course teaches the general principles of using basic clinical methods of examination of animal organ systems, to find the symptoms of the disease, to determine their significance according to the principles of general symptomatology. Clinical-laboratory diagnostics of internal diseases represents a system of study of selected parameters of the internal environment of the animal organism in connection with the assessment of the clinical health state of the animal.

Lectures:

1. Subject and role of the discipline, clinical examination plan and veterinary documentation. Methods of clinical investigation. Manipulation with animals during the investigation. 2. General condition of the animal. Description and history of animal. Examination of animal breathing rate, pulse and temperature. 3. Examination of fur and skin, skin parasites, fungi, differential diagnosis. Skin lesions. Examination of visible mucous membranes (color, surface, volume) and eye. Examination of the lymph nodes. 4. Examination of the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, larynx, trachea, cough, sputum). Examination of the lower respiratory tract. Clinical and special methods (sonography), basic and secondary respiratory murmurs, differential diagnostics. 5. Examination of the cardiovascular system. Examination of the heart palpably, percutaneously, auscultation - sounds, murmurs (endocardial and pericardial). Auscultation of the heart valves. 6. Basics of electrocardiography (ECG), blocks, extrasystoles, interpretation of electrocardiograms. Examination of blood vessels - pulse, differential diagnostics. 7. Examination of the digestive system. Basic terminology of feed intake disorders, examination of the oral cavity, oesophagus, vomiting, probing. External examination of the abdominal cavity by clinical methods. 8. Examination of the stomach and gastric juice, examination of the intestines, peristalsis, passage, ileus (passage disorders). Defaecation, examination of faeces (macroscopic, chemical). 9. Clinical and special methods of liver and spleen examination. Hepatic profile. 10. Examination and diagnosis of urinary tract diseases. Urine examination, evaluation of findings. Catheterization of mare, dog. 11. Clinical examination of the mammary gland. Musculoskeletal examination - clinical methods and evaluation of partial metabolic profiles. 12. Examination of the nervous system - consciousness, sensitivity, reflexes. 13. Examination of blood (serum, plasma, blood cells). Diagnostic evaluation of red and white blood components, differential blood count. Hematological profile.

Practical exercises:

1. Subject and role of the discipline, clinical examination plan and veterinary documentation. Methods of clinical investigation. Manipulation with animals during the investigation. 2. General condition of the animal. Description and history of animal. Examination of animal breathing rate, pulse and temperature. 3. Examination of fur and skin, skin parasites, fungi, differential diagnosis. Skin lesions. Examination of visible mucous membranes (color, surface, volume) and eye. Examination of the lymph nodes. 4. Examination of the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, larynx, trachea, cough, sputum). Examination of the lower respiratory tract. Clinical and special methods (sonography), basic and secondary respiratory murmurs, differential diagnostics. 5. Examination of the cardiovascular system. Examination of the heart palpably, percutaneously, auscultation - sounds, murmurs (endocardial and pericardial). Auscultation of the heart valves. 6. Basics of electrocardiography (ECG), blocks, extrasystoles, interpretation of electrocardiograms. Examination of blood vessels - pulse, differential diagnostics. 7. Examination of the digestive system. Basic terminology of feed intake disorders, examination of the oral cavity, oesophagus, vomiting, probing. External examination of the abdominal cavity by clinical methods. 8. Examination of the stomach and gastric juice, examination of the intestines, peristalsis, passage, ileus (passage disorders). Defaecation, examination of faeces (macroscopic, chemical). 9. Clinical and special methods of liver and spleen examination. Hepatic profile. 10. Examination and diagnosis of urinary tract diseases. Urine examination, evaluation of findings. Catheterization of mare, dog. 11. Clinical examination of the mammary gland. Musculoskeletal examination - clinical methods and evaluation of partial metabolic profiles. 12. Examination of the nervous system - consciousness, sensitivity, reflexes. 13. Examination of blood (serum, plasma, blood cells). Diagnostic evaluation of red and white blood components, differential blood count. Hematological profile.

1. Hisira, V. et al.: Veterinary Propedeutics, 1st edition, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, 2021, ISBN 978-80-8077-746-3, 225 p.

2. Bartko P. et al.: Clinical diagnosis in veterinary medicine, UVM, Košice, 1995.

3. Radostitis, O. M. et al.: Veterinary Clinical Examination and Diagnosis, Saunders (W.B.) Co Ltd, 2000, ISBN: 9780702024764, 800 p.

Content prerequisite:

Anatomy

Continuous assessment:

At each practical exercise in the form of a short examination of the previous material, one written test during the semester

Conditions for completion of course:

Attendance at lectures and practical exercises, active participation in practical exercises. Demonstration of the required skills and theoretical knowledge, which are necessary for the subject.

There will be one written test with 20 points during the semester. At least 19 points is necessary to obtain an A rating, at least 17 to obtain a B rating, at least 15 for a C rating, at least 13 for a D rating and at least 10 points for an E rating. Less than 10 points is Fx.

Successful passing of the final exam.

Final assessment:

practical and theoretical exam

For practical exercises you need a white coat, rubber boots, thermometer, stethoscope, percussion hammer and pleximeter