Active participation at the practical exercises is a basic condition for successful completion of the course. Students may miss at the maximum three practical’s per semester, one may be omitted without compensation; the others must be substituted according to an agreement with the teacher. In the case of non-participation at the practical’s, compensation for the student is in form written the issue of the given exercise and then defend it. The student is also required to attend at least 70% of the lectures this semester. Successful completed credit test scheduled in the middle of the semester is also a condition for passing the subject this semester.

After passing the semester, the student has to know -the analytical methods of determining and assessing the nutritional, dietetic and health safety of the feed; -the main effects of antinutritional substances, feed additives and their impact on animal health and production; -the principles of processing, treatment and conservation of feed and their impact on the nutritional and dietary value of feed.

The subject includes evaluation of the relationship: nutrition and feeding - fermentation - digestion - absorption - metabolism - production and reproduction, in relation to the physiological and reproductive phases. Nutritional and dietetic evaluations of feeds and rations. Specific feed interactions, analysis of nutrition level and feeding method for feed intake, enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, fats; their absorption, transformation, and use. The evaluation and management of fermentation processes, GIT eubiosis and its nutritional health and production interactions. The influence of feeds on the morphological and functional development of GIT indigestion and nutritional prevention. Evaluation of phase nutrition of animals, its effect on intermediary metabolism, interaction of nutrients and their metabolic transformation from the point of view of manifestation of nutritional, production and health burden. Knowing and evaluating the impact of metabolic load in organ disorders of animals and the possibility of clinical nutrition in their treatment. Application of the principles of clinical nutrition in the correction of nutritional and metabolic stresses.

LECTURE

1. Nutrition production and animal health. Nutrition and feeding as an indicator limiting the level of production, quality, and safety of food. Nutritionally related dairy herd diseases - causes and consequences.

2. Antinutritional Factors in Feeds - Characteristic, Classification. Tannins, saponins and substances inducing thympany of ruminants.

3. Mold and mycotoxin problems in feeds. Factors that affect the growth of moulds. Principal mycotoxins occurring in feeds and forages. Prevention of mold-related problems.

4. Feed Additives. Evaluating Feed Additives. Classification of feed additives (antibiotics, hormones, silage additives) - application, principles of use, veterinary control.

5. Grain processing. Method of processing and treatment of concentrated feeds, - dietetic and nutritional influence on the use of carbohydrates and proteins for animal digestion.

6.Forage quality - methods of evaluation of nutritional and dietetic value. Methods of treatment and preservation of forages and their impact on production, health, and economy of breeding. The influence of the vegetation phase of the harvest on the content and digestibility of nutrients.

7. Physiological, nutritive, health aspects of rumen fermentation, absorption, and metabolism of carbohydrates in ruminants

8. Regulation and management of ruminal fermentation. Nutritional preconditions of rumen acidification - effect upon production and the principles of nutritional prevention. Acidosis syndrome – laminitis, pathogenesis, and nutritional prevention.

9. Feed intake in farm animals, nutritional and physiological factors of regulation. Passage and structure of feed - layering and emptying of ruminal contents.

10.Physiological, nutritive, health and production aspects of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of proteins in ruminants. Rumen transformation of protein and NPN - nutritional, production and health aspects of degradation of protein and NPN. Metabolic transformation of crude protein in ruminants.

11. Ruminal transformation of the fat in ruminants - physiological, nutritive, health and production aspects of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of fats in ruminants.

12. Energy metabolism – metabolic transformation of nutrients and energy. Hormonal regulation of metabolism - metabolic phase of positive and negative energy balance.

13. Nutritional preconditions, metabolic load and nutritional prevention of lipomobilization and fatty infiltration of the liver.

PRACTICALS:

1.Feeding regime and health disorders - malnutrition and its impact on the health and production of animals. Prevention of nutritional burden, the impact of nutrition and the feeding on health disorders. Veterinary - dietetic analysis and assessment of feed.

2. Antinutritional Factors in Feeds - Protease Inhibitors and lectins - incidence, mechanism of action and nutritional prevention.

3. Nitrates, Nitrites; Factors that affect mineral utilization: oxalate, phytate; Anti - vitamin factors - incidence, mechanism of action and nutritional prevention.

4. Feed Additives (nutritional supplements, antioxidants, enzymes, acidificators, anion salts energy substances, ...) - application, principles of use, veterinary control.

5. The effect of heat treatment of feed on the metabolic transformation and utilization of proteins and carbohydrates - possibilities of analytical determination and evaluation. The treatments of legume seeds - nutritional and dietetic effects.

6. Analytical evaluation of the quality and safety of ensiling feed. Evaluation of the quality, nutritional and dietetic value of silage forage - impact on the health and production of ruminants.

7. Evaluation of energy metabolism in the rumen. Dietary and nutritional influence of energy metabolism in the rumen.

8. Nutritional preconditions for ruminal alkalosis - consequences and nutritional prevention. Nutritional preconditions of abomasum dislocation - consequences and nutritional prevention.

9.Methods of analytical evaluation of the quality of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in feed and TMR. Nutritional and agronomic evaluation of the quality of protein and carbohydrate forages.

10. Evaluation of the protein-energy relation of the feed ration for rumen metabolism - nutritional and health effects on the metabolism of crude protein in the rumen. Factors affecting the transfer of rumen non-degradable protein and starch.

11. Nutritional principles of added fats in diets for lactating dairy cows. Rumen transformation of fat. Evaluation of feed ration in terms of nutritional and health effects of fat digestion in ruminants.

12. Homeostasis and homeoresis. Distribution of metabolizable nutrients for the stage of pregnancy and lactation of farm animals. The effect of the protein-energy relation of feed ration for rumen metabolism (diagnosis).

13. Nutritional preconditions, pathogenesis of increased ketogenesis and nutritional prevention of ketosis in dairy cows.

Givens D.I., Owen E., Axford R.F.E. and Omed H.M.: Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition,CABI Publishing, 2000, ISBN 13:978-0-85199-344-7, p.480.

Volden H.: NorFor- The Nordic feed evaluation system, EAAP Publication No.130, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands 2011, ISBN 978-90-8686-162-0.

D´Mello J.P.F.: Farm animal metabolism and nutrition, CABI Publishing, P.438, ISBN 0-85199-378-8.

Saastamoinen MT., Martin-Rosset W.: Nutrition of the execising horse. EAAP publication No.125, Wagening Academic Publisher, The Netherlands, 2008, p432, ISBN978-90-8686-071-5.

Buffington T., Holloway CH., Abood S.: Manual of veterinary dietetics, p.252, 2004, Elsevier Saunders, ISBN 0-7216-123-5.

Crovetto Matteo G.: Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. EAAP Publication No.127, Wagening Academic Publisher, The Netherlands, 2010, p736, ISBN 978-90-8686-153-8.

Lectures for the subject Feed quality control and production health of animals.

Continuous assessment:

Successful completion of the credit test in the second half of the semester (required min. 51%).

Conditions for completion of course:

Active participation at the practical exercises is a basic condition for successful completion of the course. Students may miss at the maximum three practical’s per semester, one may be omitted without compensation; the others must be substituted according to an agreement with the teacher. In the case of non-participation at the practical’s, compensation for the student is in form written the issue of the given exercise and then defend it. The student is also required to attend at least 70% of the lectures this semester. Successful completed credit test scheduled in the middle of the semester is also a condition for passing the subject this semester.

Final assessment:

credit